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(Revised) Anyone can cook, part 1

Discuss health, wellness, fitness, nutrition and food.
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momopi
Elite Upper Class Poster
Posts: 4898
Joined: August 31st, 2007, 9:44 pm
Location: Orange County, California

(Revised) Anyone can cook, part 1

Post by momopi »

This thread is intended for those with little or no experience in cooking. I'm not a professional cook, and the advice given here is mostly from books and my culinary school instructors. If someone would like to start a newbie thread on wine, that would really help!


So why should you learn how to cook? They say you are what you eat. So if your diet consists of take-out or "ding ding" (microwave) TV dinners, you should probably consider changing your dietary habits. Although it's possible to dine out and eat healthy, it's much easier to cook and control exactly what goes on your plate.

The culinary world also offers many career opportunities (if you have the talent). Experienced chefs and Sommeliers can find work in fine restaurants around the globe. Although anyone can obtain WSET certification for wine, not everyone can become a Master Sommelier -- there are only about 100 Master Sommelier's in North America.

Generally speaking, European Chef training programs are longer, taking up to 4 years. In America our culinary schools churn out students in as little as 1 year. If you're interested in the culinary profession, be warned that Chefs work long hours, and few make 6 figures. If you want a bigger pay check, try hotel management.

Sommeliers make even less than Chefs, but you don't have to stand in front of a hot stove all day. Here's an example of an international Sommelier job posting:
http://www.mastersommeliers.org/Pages.aspx/Job-Postings (note: job post may be gone at later date)

"Sommelier Manager, Rawai Beach, Thailand
Evason Phuket is located in Rawai Beach, Phuket, Thailand.
We are looking for an experienced Sommelier Manager who is responsible for maintaining wine inventory, keeping budget goals, weekly wine tasting with our guest including wine dinner."


But, this isn't a job recruiting post, so let's continue to cooking!

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OK, let's start!

The first step for many bachelors (cough cough) is to clean out your kitchen and fridge. Check expiration dates and throw away anything that has expired. If you're not certain about the age, don't eat it. Dried spices have shelf life of 1-4 years and lose aroma as it ages, so it's a good idea to replace them every year. Here's some general guidelines on shelf life in your pantry:

Boxed cereal: 6 months
Flour: 6-12 months
Dried Herbs: 12 months
Pancake mix: 6 months
Dried pasta: 12-24 months
White rice: 24 months
Brown rice: 6 months
White sugar: 24 months
Brown sugar: 4 months
Coffee (vacuum pack): 9-12 months
Tea: 12-18 months
Nuts: 6-8 months
Peanut butter: 6 months
Sauces: 12 months
Canned food: 12 months (general). For longer shelf life canned food stored for emergencies, check Mountain House brand #10 cans with shelf life up to 30 years.

For more info on food storage & shelf-life, see here: (has nice search-able database)
http://www.fmi.org/consumer/foodkeeper/


Now scrub the kitchen, fridge, dishwasher, etc. clean. Take out your old pots and pans and give them a good scrubbing. I cheat by using an older Black and Decker cordless scrubber (the Scum Buster) for cleaning kitchen tiles. You can see their newer models here:

http://www.blackanddecker.com/ProductGu ... =1499.1737

Products like Orange clean are great for the kitchen tiles, and Barkeeper's Helper is great for stainless steel (note: product is mildly abrasive and may scratch). Throw away all your old kitchen sponges & towels and get new ones, bag of 60 cotton towels at Costco is $15. Mix bucket of water with a cup of bleach for sanitizing. As the last step of your cleaning process, soak a kitchen towel in bucket of bleach solution and wipe down the kitchen. Wash your kitchen towels in the washer with hot water after use. Replace kitchen sponges every month.

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Hot water kills bacteria. Your dish washer is great for sanitizing dishes and forks. You can also train yourself by washing your hands in hot water to build up "chef's hands", but don't burn yourself. Wash your hands in the kitchen often. Any time when you touch raw meats, poultry, or fish, wash your hands afterwards.

Food has less bacteria activity when heated or cooled. Anything that boils will kill the bacteria. Cooked food should be consumed as soon as possible, or cooled to 41 F within 4 hours. If the cooked food is left out for 6 hours, you should throw it away. There's an exception if you use continued heating, i.e. slow simmer, slow cooker, buffet "hot table", etc. Here's some great info from USDA about food safety and what temperatures you need to cook meats to:

http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Is_It_Done_Yet/index.asp

Some of you may disagree and say "I've done xxx and never got sick". In the food service industry, you can't take such risks. If you're doing something that has 0.1% of getting someone sick, and you're serving 500 diners a day, it won't take long before you send someone to the hospital. As the cook, you're responsible for your patron's health and welfare.


I'm not an expert on wine, but here's a few small tips that I learned:

* Wine with cork should be stored horizontally in a cool place. The cork of the wine only works properly when "wet", a dry cork will not seal correctly and may result in spoiling the wine. This is why almost all wine racks store wine sideways.

* Wine tastes best on the day that you open it. Although you can get those nifty vacuum seals, they'll only preserve the wine a little longer. Once opened, red wine should be consumed within the week, and white wine within 2 days. Anything that's been opened and left sitting around for weeks or even months is not good for drinking, but can still be used for cooking.

* Basic wine and food pairing rules say pair red wine with red meat and white wine with fish and poultry. But you're the one who's going to drink it, so choose whatever that you like best. I drink Gewürztraminer with tamales. @_@

* Check your cabinets for wine glasses. Red wine is usually chilled slightly and opened 2 hours before serving, then poured into wide-mouth wine glasses. This is because red wine tastes better when it's slightly oxidized. White and Rose wine is served immediately after opening in smaller-mouth wine glasses. Champagne is served in flute wine glass with small top opening.

* When you go wine tasting at the winery, some let you keep the wine glass. That's one way to accumulate wine glass for your collection. Also, after New Year's, you may find champaign (flute) classes at IKEA for 25 cents each.
momopi
Elite Upper Class Poster
Posts: 4898
Joined: August 31st, 2007, 9:44 pm
Location: Orange County, California

Post by momopi »

OK, now that you've cleaned out the kitchen, let's go shopping!


* Item #1: A good first aid kit for your kitchen. You WILL cut or burn yourself sooner or later. Make sure the first aid kit has stuff for both cuts and burns.

* If you have good quality knives at home, consider taking then to professional restaurant supply stores and have them sharpen your knives every 6-12 months. I recommend Chef's Toys:
http://www.chefstoys.net/

If you want to replace crappy knives in your kitchen, you only need a few to start:
- 8" Chef's knife
- 6" Kitchen Utility knife (sometimes called sandwich knife)
- 3" Pairing knife
- Bread knife (usually with serrated edge)

A good knife is one that's solid and feels good to hold & use. The most expensive brand-name knife is not worth $1 if you're not comfortable using it. Get a wooden knife block to store your knifes. Remember to wash and clean them after use.

* Pots and pans: The most expensive cookware isn't going to make your food taste better. From IHB I was introduced to Lodge cast-iron pans, which are very inexpensive and works great!
http://www.lodgemfg.com/
Please note that cast-iron requires special care: http://www.lodgemfg.com/use-care-seasoned-cast-iron.asp

You might also want to pick up some stainless-steel clad and non-stick coated cookware. They're useful for different occasions. Look at cookware bundles to see commonly used pots and pans, and decide what you really need. I like cooking with pots because I can keep all the splatter inside, which makes cleaning easier.

* Kitchen appliances: blenders, food processors, slow cookers, etc. Don't buy the cheapest $20 blender at Target. Buy the ones that can handle higher temperatures and dishwasher safe. You'll need the higher temperature tolerance for making soups. Why make life hard for yourself when you can stick a better quality blender glass jar into the dish washer?

* Misc. kitchen tools: whisk, peeler, zester, grater, measuring cups/spoons, tongs, soup spoons, etc. Buy stainless steel ones that last longer. Buy some wooden utensils that won't scratch pans and pots -- don't use metal utensil on non-stick coating. If you're on a tight budget, check Ranch 99 for inexpensive kitchen tools. Butcher's twine at Gelsons is $5, you can find cotton twine at Ranch 99 for $1.

Buy a couple good quality sieves of various sizes. I recommend a smaller one for skimming and a larger one for sieving. Most people have thermometers for meats but not soups, I find the soup one to be pretty useful. Pick up an assortment of stainless steel bowls and cups of various sizes, to hold ingredients while you cook.

* Plates, bowls, cups, etc.: $100 Mikasa plate is not going to make your food taste better. I use IKEA plain white serving plates of assorted sizes. Round plates will last longer and square plates will damage easier (90 degree edges). Avoid colored plates because you don't know if the color pigments contain something bad. The great thing about IKEA white plates is, if you drop one, you won't cry over it.

* Cookbooks: I recommend these:




Check your local library, used book store, and good will stores. Cook books are plentiful in Goodwill and Thrift shops for as little as $1.

* Buying perishable food items: not just meats and fruits, but also the dried spices and boxed sugar. Remember that everything except honey has expiration date, and you should buy just what you need. That 48-bottle spice collection looks great as a Christmas gift, but you'd be throwing most of it away. I went to William Sonoma and they tried to sell me herbs de province in a large fancy ceramic jar for $50. Instead, I bought a $9 cardboard box "refill" and just poured it into a zip-lock bag at home. Probably will last me until end of the year.

Right now (Jan) it's not the right season to grow your own herbs, but later, when it's warmer, you may want to consider buying herbs in a pot from Lowes or Home Depo. I have a small herb garden on my patio and fresh herbs is always better than dried ones. Best of all, after you cut the rosemary, you can just water the plant and it'd continue to grow. Why pay $2-3 every time when you need it from Ralphs?


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The first lesson in Culinary School usually starts with knife skill. But since this isn't a school and I can't demonstrate in person (my knife skills suck anyway), you'll have to settle for on-line videos. Knife skills is something that require some instruction and lots of practice on your part. Practice with cheap vegetables, like the ones you buy in XX lb bags from Superior Grocers:
http://www.superiorgrocers.com/

First, how to hold the knife properly:
http://www.videojug.com/webvideo/how-to ... tting-food
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIJ4GvsYIc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lwmpss5_8Sc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1NR0uNNs5Y
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POi7LQO2OyQ

Not all chefs will "pinch" the blade. The video instruction is intended to teach you how to hold and use the knife properly without hurting yourself. If you're clumsy, wear cut-resistant mesh safety glove.

How to Chop:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7kZBB14wAc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlOpzH4Hzgk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FflIEjWGT8
http://www.videojug.com/webvideo/how-to-chop

How to Dice:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XdOABVvmI8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hG63etiJ0dQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdMYRyK5J3E

How to Chiffonade:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJEQFgfv7iw
http://www.videojug.com/webvideo/how-to-chiffonade-2

"Chiffonade" is a French word for rags that describes the cut. French cuisine has large influence on western culinary traditions and many culinary terms like batonnet, julineene, and brunoise are all French.

How to Mince:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYEmp-YacF0
http://www.videojug.com/webvideo/how-to-mince

How to Baton:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuUn37S-CRI

How to Julineene & Batonnet:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YU1IBLypo0
http://www.videojug.com/webvideo/how-to-julienne-2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJQR3DzAzbg

How to Brunoise:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNTVY8tTXLw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpqEu-YDWVQ

How to Paysanne:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqcetdDZMn8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lWNGBVDIKQ

Good notes on herbs:
http://www.videojug.com/webvideo/how-to ... nder-herbs


That's about it for the basic cuts. You can search for more examples on the web. Buy some inexpensive herbs and veggies to practice. If you want to get good, PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE.

Many chefs prefer bamboo cutting boards because they don't scratch and nick like plastic ones do. But plastic cutting boards have a few advantages, they're cheap and dish washer safe. If you damage one, just flip it over to use the other side, or toss it. Bamboo cutting boards are nice, but some use glue containing formaldehyde and chemical dyes in its manufacturing process. Plus they require more care with cleaning and wood oil.


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