You don't have to have interest, but you do have to have return on capital if savers, in aggregate, discount future versus current consumption. (Which is by no means always true. A society dominated by middle-aged people could easily have aggregate preference to defer consumption regardless of rates of return on capital. This so-called savings glut occurred recently in the USA and Europe , between about 2010 and 2021, because of aging boomers, and is an ongoing phenomenon in East Asia.) Return on capital can be through equity or debt with interest. The essential difference is that debt with interest is preferred by those with lower risk tolerance, but there are ways to make equity low risk. For example, regulated utilities and infrastructure (railroads, pipelines, toll roads) typically have very predictable income streams, so their equity (stock) can substitute for debt (bonds) for those with low risk tolerance. Real estate mortgages can replaced by gradual purchase schemes with initial implied interest, though the implied interest would vary if the real estate price didn't follow expected trajectory. (If you modify the scheme to eliminate the possibility of implied interest changing, you just reproduce debt with interest in a complicated Rube Goldberg scheme.)MrPeabody wrote: ↑March 14th, 2023, 5:53 pmThe interest rates are connected with capitalism. Interest rates give the flexibility allowing for the maximum expansion of growth and greed. Without interest rates, their values would have to totally change, which would be opposed by every current capitalist.
So there is no real need for fixed interest to accommodate the important savers (households preparing for old age) and important borrowers (creators of physical capital, such as buildings, infrastructure, corporate wealth in general). Governments are huge net debtors only because governments don't equitize all their infrastructure. If all roads, bridges, public land and buildings were equitized as stocks, that would probably suffice to allow households to save as much as they need for retirement without the need for governed debt.